Which nutrients are likely to be low in an immobilized state?

In an immobilized state, the body may experience changes in nutrient absorption, metabolism, and overall status due to decreased physical activity and altered physiological needs. Among the options provided, albumin and calcium are particularly relevant.

Albumin is a protein made by the liver that helps maintain oncotic pressure and transport various substances in the blood. In individuals who are immobilized, there can be a decline in muscle mass and protein synthesis, which can lead to lower levels of albumin. Additionally, calcium is crucial for bone health, and immobilization can lead to bone resorption and increased risk of osteoporosis, which can further deplete calcium levels.

The relationship between immobilization and nutrient status is particularly significant for these two nutrients due to their roles in maintaining muscle and bone integrity. Therefore, considering the impact of immobility, it is reasonable to conclude that albumin and calcium would be likely to be low in individuals who are immobilized.