Which nutrient is essential for the synthesis of coenzyme A?

Pantothenic acid is essential for the synthesis of coenzyme A, which is a vital cofactor in a variety of biochemical reactions including fatty acid synthesis and degradation, and the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins. Coenzyme A plays a crucial role in the acetylation of molecules and the transfer of acyl groups, making it integral to energy metabolism.

Pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5, is specifically involved in the synthesis of coenzyme A from its precursor molecules. Without adequate pantothenic acid, the body cannot produce sufficient amounts of coenzyme A, which can lead to metabolic disturbances.

Other nutrients listed, such as vitamin B12, folic acid, and riboflavin, have distinct functions within the body but do not play a direct role in the synthesis of coenzyme A. Vitamin B12 is primarily involved in the metabolism of folate and the maintenance of healthy nerve cells. Folic acid is crucial for DNA synthesis and repair, particularly in rapidly dividing cells. Riboflavin is important in various cellular reactions as a part of the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), but it does not directly contribute to coenzyme A synthesis.