Which committee resolves differences in legislation between the House and Senate?

The committee responsible for resolving differences in legislation between the House and Senate is the Joint Conference Committee. This specialized committee is convened specifically to reconcile variations in bills that have passed both chambers of Congress in different forms. Once the House and Senate have approved distinct versions of a bill, the Joint Conference Committee is formed, often composed of members from both the House and Senate, to negotiate and create a unified version that can then be sent back to both chambers for approval.

The function of this committee is vital in the legislative process, as it ensures that a cohesive piece of legislation is agreed upon, facilitating its advancement to the President for final approval. While other committees, such as the Appropriations Committee and Judiciary Committee, handle specific areas of legislation or oversight, the Joint Conference Committee specifically focuses on resolving discrepancies in legislation, making it the correct answer to the question.