What potential health concern could arise from an inability to synthesize urea?

The inability to synthesize urea can lead to elevated ammonia levels in the body, which is a significant health concern. Urea is produced in the liver through the urea cycle, where ammonia, a toxic byproduct of protein metabolism, is converted into urea. This process allows the body to safely excrete excess nitrogen. If there is a malfunction in this synthesis process—such as in conditions like urea cycle disorders—ammonia accumulates in the bloodstream.

High levels of ammonia can lead to a condition known as hyperammonemia, which can have serious neurological effects. Symptoms may include confusion, lethargy, and in severe cases, can progress to coma and death. The brain is particularly sensitive to elevated ammonia levels, making this a critical health issue that requires immediate medical attention.

While kidney stones, osteoporosis, and chronic dehydration can have various causes and effects on health, they do not directly stem from issues related to the synthesis of urea and ammonia metabolism. Therefore, elevated ammonia levels are the primary concern in this context.