Infants born to mothers with diabetes mellitus may be:

Infants born to mothers with diabetes mellitus are often larger than normal, a condition known as macrosomia. This occurs due to the high levels of glucose in the mother's bloodstream, which can lead to excessive fetal growth as the fetus receives more nutrients. These infants may also experience hypoglycemia shortly after birth because they have been exposed to elevated glucose levels in utero, stimulating their own insulin production. After birth, when they are no longer receiving that high glucose supply from the mother, their insulin levels may remain high, leading to a drop in blood sugar levels, hence hypoglycemia. This combination of being larger than average and having a tendency toward low blood sugar immediately after delivery is a recognized outcome of maternal diabetes.